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Social Maturity and Executive Function Among Deaf Learners.

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Social maturity and executive function (EF) are linked in deaf students, but cochlear implant (CI) use shows little impact. Sign language users reported more social immaturity than spoken language users.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Audiology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Social maturity and executive function (EF) are crucial for navigating social environments.
  • Deaf individuals, particularly those using cochlear implants (CIs), may face unique developmental trajectories.
  • Understanding the interplay between communication mode, EF, and social development in deaf populations is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between social maturity, executive function (EF), and cochlear implant (CI) use in deaf adolescents and young adults.
  • To explore differences in social maturity and EF based on CI status and primary communication mode (sign language vs. spoken language).
  • To determine if EF difficulties are associated with social maturity in deaf students.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with deaf high school and college students, including CI users and nonusers, and hearing controls.
  • Participants completed assessments of social maturity and executive function (EF).
  • Communication mode (sign language vs. spoken language) and CI status were recorded and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • No differences in social maturity were found between deaf CI users, deaf nonusers, and hearing students.
  • Deaf students (CI users and nonusers) reported significantly more EF difficulties than hearing students.
  • Sign language users reported more immature behaviors than deaf students using spoken language; EF difficulties correlated with social maturity.

Conclusions:

  • Executive function (EF) and social maturity are interrelated in deaf individuals, with variations across subpopulations.
  • Cochlear implant (CI) use appears to have minimal long-term impact on EF or social maturity, similar to academic achievement.
  • Communication modality significantly influences social maturity, highlighting the importance of language access in development.