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Correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient value on diffusion-weighted MR imaging and Gleason score in

X Wu1, P Reinikainen2, A Vanhanen3

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PubMed
Summary

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and normalized ADC (nADC) can predict prostate cancer aggressiveness. Lower ADC and nADC values correlate with higher Gleason scores, aiding in differentiating tumor grades.

Keywords:
Apparent diffusion coefficientDiffusion-weighted imagingGleason scoreMRIProstate cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Prostate cancer aggressiveness is crucial for treatment decisions.
  • Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) provides insights into tissue microstructure.
  • Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values may reflect tumor cellularity and aggressiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if DWI apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) correlates with prostate cancer aggressiveness.
  • To compare the diagnostic performance of ADC and normalized ADC (nADC) in assessing tumor aggressiveness.
  • To evaluate ADC and nADC in differentiating between Gleason score 3+4 and 3+3 prostate tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty pre-treatment prostate cancer patients underwent MRI with DWI (b values: 50, 400, 800 s/mm²).
  • ADC and nADC values (minimum and mean) were calculated for tumors.
  • Correlations between ADC/nADC and Gleason scores from biopsy were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Tumor minimum ADC (ADCmin) inversely correlated with Gleason score (r=-0.43, P<0.05).
  • ADCmin and nADC values were significantly lower in Gleason score 3+4 than 3+3 tumors (P<0.05).
  • Normalized ADC metrics (nADCmin, nADCmean) showed strong correlations with Gleason score (r=-0.52, r=-0.55; P<0.01) and higher diagnostic performance (AUC 0.818-0.833).

Conclusions:

  • Tumor ADCmin, nADCmin, and nADCmean are valuable biomarkers for predicting prostate cancer aggressiveness.
  • Normalized ADC metrics demonstrate superior performance in differentiating between Gleason score 3+4 and 3+3 tumors.
  • DWI-derived ADC and nADC metrics can aid in non-invasively assessing prostate cancer grade.