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Blue protein with red fluorescence.

Swagatha Ghosh1, Chi-Li Yu2, Daniel J Ferraro3

  • 1National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India 560065.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Walleye fish mucus contains a Sandercyanin-biliverdin IXα complex that protects against UV radiation. This unique protein complex exhibits unusual fluorescence properties, offering a molecular basis for adaptation to increased UV exposure.

Keywords:
SandercyaninUV radiationblue proteinred fluorescent proteinwalleye

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Walleye (Sander vitreus) inhabit North American lakes.
  • Increased UV radiation has been linked to observations of blue walleye.
  • A protein-ligand complex in walleye mucus may explain UV adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular basis of walleye adaptation to increased UV radiation.
  • To characterize the Sandercyanin-biliverdin IXα complex.
  • To elucidate the structural and spectral properties of Sandercyanin.

Main Methods:

  • Purification of the Sandercyanin-biliverdin IXα complex from fish mucus.
  • Structural determination of the complex.
  • Spectroscopic analysis of the protein-ligand complex.

Main Results:

  • Sandercyanin forms stable homotetramers upon binding biliverdin IXα (BLA).
  • The Sandercyanin-BLA complex has a lipocalin fold and is glycosylated.
  • The complex absorbs UV light (λmax 375 nm) and emits red light (λmax 675 nm).
  • The biliverdin IXα chromophore is noncovalently bound to Sandercyanin.

Conclusions:

  • Sandercyanin-biliverdin IXα provides a molecular mechanism for UV protection in walleye.
  • The noncovalent binding and spectral properties are unique among biliverdin-bound fluorescent proteins.
  • This study offers a molecular rationale for the observed spectral characteristics of Sandercyanin.