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Nonlinear Plasmonic Sensing with Nanographene.

Renwen Yu¹, Joel D Cox¹, F Javier García de Abajo^1,2

¹ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.

Physical Review Letters

|October 1, 2016

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Graphene nanoislands detect single molecules by altering plasmons. This enables ultrasensitive nonlinear detection of dipolar molecules and radicals using graphene's unique optoelectronic properties.

Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Materials science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Plasmonic sensors offer high sensitivity for molecule detection via dielectric interactions.
Noble metal-based plasmonic sensors face limitations due to excitation spectral broadening.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify a new mechanism for detecting individual molecules using graphene nanoislands.
To explore the impact of molecular interactions on graphene plasmons for sensing applications.

Main Methods:

Investigated plasmonic responses of graphene nanoislands upon interaction with individual molecules.
Analyzed modifications in linear absorption spectra and nonlinear optical responses.
Observed the emergence of a second-harmonic signal due to molecular interaction.

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Last Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Published on: January 3, 2016

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Published on: December 11, 2013

Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

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Published on: September 22, 2015

Main Results:

Individual molecules, even with elementary charge or weak dipoles, induce significant changes in graphene nanoisland plasmons.
Observable modifications in linear absorption spectra were detected.
A strong second-harmonic signal, absent in pristine structures, appeared due to electron redistribution caused by molecular interaction.

Conclusions:

A novel mechanism for ultrasensitive molecular detection using graphene nanoislands has been identified.
Graphene's extraordinary optoelectronic properties enable nonlinear detection of dipolar molecules and molecular radicals.
This approach overcomes limitations of traditional plasmonic sensors, paving the way for advanced molecular sensing.