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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Resource Sharing Controls Gene Expression Bursting.

Patrick M Caveney1,2, S Elizabeth Norred1,2, Charles W Chin1,2

  • 1Bredesen Center, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-2010, United States.

ACS Synthetic Biology
|October 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene expression occurs in bursts, influenced by shared cellular resources. Burst size, not frequency, depends on resource availability, suggesting bursts amplify rather than initiate.

Keywords:
burstingcell-freeconfinementgene expressionmicrofluidicsresource sharing

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Episodic gene expression, or bursting, is common in biology.
  • Bursts utilize limited cellular machinery, linking expression and resource sharing.
  • Previous research focused on individual gene mechanisms, neglecting global resource interplay.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how resource sharing impacts global gene expression bursting patterns.
  • To explore the relationship between transcription/translation resources and expression burst dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Confining Escherichia coli cell extract in microfluidic chambers and lipid vesicles.
  • Analyzing expression burst size and frequency in relation to resource pool size.

Main Results:

  • Expression burst size, but not frequency, is sensitive to the size of shared transcription and translation resources.
  • Results suggest expression bursts are amplified rather than initiated, possibly via positive feedback.
  • Large translational bursts may correlate with large transcriptional bursts in prokaryotes.

Conclusions:

  • A strong link exists between global expression burst patterns and resource sharing.
  • Gene expression bursting plays a role in optimizing the use of limited, shared cellular resources.
  • Findings provide insights into cellular resource allocation and gene regulation strategies.