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Modeling Spontaneous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma mRCC in Mice Following Nephrectomy
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Emerging growth factor receptor antagonists for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma

Haris Zahoor1, Brian I Rini1

  • 1a Taussig Cancer Institute , Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland , OH , USA.

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
|October 4, 2016
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

New treatments for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) offer survival benefits. Growth factor receptor antagonists show promise but have toxicity concerns, while nivolumab (a PD-1 inhibitor) is well-tolerated, necessitating optimal sequencing strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical treatments for renal cell carcinoma

Background:

  • Systemic treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has evolved with targeted therapies, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors.
  • Recent approvals include growth factor receptor antagonists and a checkpoint inhibitor for refractory metastatic RCC, based on positive clinical trial data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the background and biological rationale of current metastatic RCC treatments.
  • To review limitations of existing therapies and the medical need for new treatment development.
  • To discuss recently approved agents: cabozantinib, lenvatinib, and nivolumab, alongside drug development issues and future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trials leading to the approval of existing treatments.
  • Discussion of biological rationale for targeted agents and checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Analysis of drug toxicity and patient tolerability.

Main Results:

  • Recently approved growth factor receptor antagonists demonstrate survival benefits but present significant toxicity challenges.
  • Nivolumab, a programmed death 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitor, also shows survival benefits and is well-tolerated.
  • The optimal sequencing of multiple available treatment options for metastatic RCC requires further determination.

Conclusions:

  • The treatment landscape for metastatic RCC has expanded with new effective agents.
  • Balancing efficacy with toxicity is crucial when selecting therapies.
  • Determining the optimal sequence of novel agents is a key future challenge in managing metastatic RCC.
Keywords:
Metastatic renal cell carcinomaPD-1TKIVEGFcabozantinibgrowth factor receptor antagonistsimmunotherapylenvatinibnivolumabtargeted agents

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