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A Standardized Method for Measuring Internal Lung Surface Area via Mouse Pneumonectomy and Prosthesis Implantation

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Does a large abdominal wall defect affect lung growth?

Juma Obayashi¹, Kunihide Tanaka², Junki Koike³

¹Division of Pediatric Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan; Department of Pathology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.

Journal of Pediatric Surgery

|October 4, 2016

Summary

Gastroschisis in fetal lambs reduced the ratio of alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells but did not affect alveolar counts. Severe scoliosis impacted lung volume, indicating potential diaphragmatic restriction in abdominal wall defects.

Keywords:

Abdominal wall defect Gastroschisis Lung volume Scoliosis Type I Type II cells

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Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth

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Published on: December 17, 2014

Area of Science:

Fetal surgery and developmental biology
Pulmonary development research
Congenital defect modeling

Background:

Abdominal wall defects in newborns, such as gastroschisis, are associated with respiratory distress.
This distress may stem from reduced diaphragmatic excursion due to the defect.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of gastroschisis on pulmonary development using a fetal lamb model.
To assess lung volume, histology, and alveolar cell differentiation in lambs with induced gastroschisis.

Main Methods:

Gastroschisis was surgically created in 25 fetal lambs at 60 days gestation; 14 non-operated lambs served as controls.
Pulmonary development was evaluated at term, assessing lung volume, histology, and the ratio of alveolar type 1 (AT1) to type 2 (AT2) cells (AT1 ratio).
Lambs with gastroschisis were further categorized based on the presence of severe scoliosis.

Main Results:

Lambs with gastroschisis (group A) exhibited a reduced AT1 ratio compared to controls (group B) (p<0.01).
Lambs with gastroschisis and severe scoliosis (group A (S)) had significantly lower lung volumes than those with gastroschisis but without severe scoliosis (group A (NS)) (p<0.05).
No differences were observed in radial alveolar counts (RACs) or alveolar growth, and scoliosis did not correlate with alveolar differentiation.

Conclusions:

Gastroschisis in this ovine model leads to altered alveolar cell composition (reduced AT1 ratio) but not impaired alveolarization.
Severe scoliosis associated with gastroschisis negatively impacts lung volume, likely due to restricted diaphragmatic movement.
These findings support the hypothesis that decreased diaphragmatic function contributes to respiratory issues in fetuses with large abdominal wall defects.