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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Facial Rejuvenation Therapy with Post-Laser Salicylic Acid Application
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The aging face.

Audrey C Ko1, Bobby S Korn2, Don O Kikkawa2

  • 1Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

Survey of Ophthalmology
|October 4, 2016
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Summary

Increased life expectancy drives interest in aging mechanisms, particularly facial aging. Effective surgical and nonsurgical options exist for facial rejuvenation to address age-related changes.

Keywords:
agingbrowdermatochalasiseyelidsfaceforeheadlipsmidfaceneckptosis

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Aesthetic Medicine

Background:

  • Modern medical advancements have increased human life expectancy.
  • Aging is associated with changes in facial appearance, impacting emotional perception.
  • There is a growing demand for understanding the aging process, especially concerning the face.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms of facial aging (senescence).
  • To identify effective methods for facial rejuvenation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on aging.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to facial senescence.
  • Evaluation of existing rejuvenation techniques.

Main Results:

  • Increased longevity necessitates a deeper understanding of aging.
  • Facial aging significantly influences perceived age and emotional expression.
  • Both surgical and nonsurgical interventions can achieve facial rejuvenation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding facial aging is crucial due to increased life expectancy.
  • Effective treatments are available for functional and cosmetic facial rejuvenation.