Diverse relations between ABC transporters and lipids: An overview

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Membrane Transport

Background:

• P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1) was identified in 1992 as a lipid transporter.
• Numerous ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are now known to transport lipids.
• Lipid transport by ABC transporters presents unique challenges compared to small hydrophilic substrates.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the interactions between lipids and ABC transporters.
• To discuss mechanisms of lipid translocation mediated by ABC transporters.
• To highlight techniques used to investigate these processes.

Main Methods:

• Biophysical techniques
• Biochemical assays
• Structural biology studies

Main Results:

• Lipids interact with ABC transporters, influencing their conformation, dynamics, and activity.
• Evidence suggests diverse mechanisms for lipid flipping and flopping across membrane leaflets.
• Advancements in biophysical, biochemical, and structural data are clarifying lipid transport mechanisms.

Conclusions:

• Lipid translocation by ABC transporters is complex and likely involves varied mechanisms.
• Understanding these interactions is crucial for deciphering membrane transport processes.
• Ongoing research continues to elucidate the intricate relationship between lipids and ABC transporters.