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Host response to Clostridium difficile infection: Diagnostics and detection.

Elena A Usacheva1, Jian-P Jin2, Lance R Peterson1

  • 1Infectious Disease Research, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave., Evanston, IL 60201, USA; University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
|October 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a common hospital-acquired diarrhea. Understanding host factors is key to differentiating active CDI from colonization for better diagnostics and treatment.

Keywords:
BiomarkerCDIClostridium difficile infectionDiagnosticsHost responsePathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea in adults.
  • CDI's clinical presentation ranges from mild diarrhea to severe colitis, influenced by host factors.
  • Distinguishing active CDI from asymptomatic colonization is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of CDI.
  • To describe the role of host factors in CDI disease progression.
  • To explore host response assessment for developing CDI-specific diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on CDI pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involved in CDI.
  • Examination of host-pathogen interactions in CDI.

Main Results:

  • Toxigenic C. difficile strains (producing toxins A and B) cause disease, but colonization does not always lead to CDI.
  • Host factors significantly impact the broad clinical spectrum of CDI.
  • Host response assessment is vital for developing accurate CDI diagnostics.

Conclusions:

  • CDI pathogenesis is complex, involving interactions between the bacteria and the host.
  • Host-specific factors are critical for disease development and progression.
  • Developing diagnostics based on host factors can improve the differentiation of CDI from colonization.