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Related Concept Videos

Phase II Reactions: Glucuronidation01:24

Phase II Reactions: Glucuronidation

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Glucuronidation, a pivotal phase II biotransformation process, involves the coupling of glucuronic acid to a drug or xenobiotic. Given its widespread occurrence and critical role in drug metabolism, it's considered the most crucial phase II reaction. It enhances the water solubility of substances, aiding their expulsion from the body. The driving force behind these reactions is a group of enzymes known as UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). UGTs facilitate the transfer of a glucuronic acid...
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Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles
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Microbial Glucuronoyl Esterases: 10 Years after Discovery.

Peter Biely1

  • 1Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia chempbsa@savba.sk.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|October 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Glucuronoyl esterases (GEs) are enzymes that break down plant biomass. These carbohydrate esterases (CE15) show potential for biomass processing and plant genetic modification.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Glucuronoyl esterases (GEs) belong to the carbohydrate esterase family CE15.
  • These enzymes were first identified in the wood-rotting fungus Schizophyllum commune.
  • GE genes are found in various microbial genomes, indicating their widespread presence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on glucuronoyl esterases (GEs).
  • To explore the biotechnological potential of GEs in plant biomass processing.
  • To discuss the role of GEs in plant cell wall structure and modification.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on GEs.
  • Analysis of GE gene distribution in microbial genomes.
  • Examination of GE catalytic properties and effects on biomass.

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Main Results:

  • GEs possess multidomain structures and catalytic activity on artificial substrates.
  • GEs positively influence the enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass.
  • Evidence supports GEs' role in hydrolyzing ester linkages between glucuronoxylans and lignin alcohols.

Conclusions:

  • GEs are key enzymes involved in breaking down plant biomass components.
  • The function of GEs in de-esterifying uronic acids is supported by experimental evidence.
  • GEs present significant opportunities for biotechnological applications in biomass conversion and plant engineering.