Cardiovascular Disease and HIV: Pathophysiology, Treatment Considerations, and Nursing Implications

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Nursing

Background:

• HIV infection has transitioned from an acute, terminal illness to a chronic condition.
• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the primary cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH).
• Aging populations of PLWH face compounded risks from traditional atherosclerosis factors, HIV's effects, and antiretroviral therapies.

Observation:

• PLWH exhibit a significantly elevated risk for atherosclerosis.
• Cardiomyopathy is a prevalent concern in the PLWH population.
• Critical care nurses require comprehensive knowledge of CVD risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatments in PLWH.

Findings:

• Traditional atherosclerosis risk factors are exacerbated by HIV infection and its treatments.
• HIV-positive individuals are at high risk for developing cardiomyopathy.
• Effective management requires recognizing complex risk profiles and treatment modalities.

Implications:

• Critical care nurses play a vital role in managing CVD in PLWH.
• Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for optimal patient care.
• Understanding unique risk factors and treatment nuances improves outcomes for PLWH with CVD.