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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Magnetically tuned, robust and efficient filtering system for spatially multimode quantum memory in warm atomic

M Dąbrowski1, R Chrapkiewicz1, W Wasilewski1

  • 1Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland .

Journal of Modern Optics
|October 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel filters for warm atomic vapor quantum memories to reduce noise. These magnetically tuned absorption and Faraday filters improve signal-to-noise ratios for single-photon applications.

Keywords:
Faraday filteratomic quantum memorycollective Raman scatteringintensified sCMOS cameranarrowband tunable notch filterrubidium vapors

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Atomic physics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Warm atomic vapor quantum memories offer simplicity and robustness.
  • Parasitic processes in these memories generate excess noise, hindering single-photon applications.
  • Precise filtering of output light is crucial for operating in the single-photon regime.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize effective filtering techniques for warm atomic vapor quantum memories.
  • To suppress noise from parasitic processes like spurious fluorescence and four-wave mixing.
  • To enable efficient transmission of narrowband Stokes and anti-Stokes photons for quantum information processing.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of magnetically tuned absorption filters.
  • Utilization of light-direction insensitive Faraday filters.
  • Characterization of filter performance with respect to adjustable working parameters.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated effective suppression of driving lasers, spurious fluorescence, and four-wave mixing.
  • Achieved transmission of narrowband Stokes and anti-Stokes photons.
  • Observed a significant increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of the quantum memory output.
  • Qualitative validation through correlation measurements of Raman scattered photons.

Conclusions:

  • The combined use of magnetically tuned absorption and Faraday filters significantly enhances the signal-to-noise ratio in warm atomic vapor quantum memories.
  • These filters are essential for precise light filtering in single-photon regime operations.
  • The developed filtering techniques are robust and light-direction insensitive, making them practical for quantum memory applications.