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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice
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A simple, wide bandwidth, biopotential amplifier to record pacemaker pulse waveform.

Paolo Bifulco1, Gaetano Dario Gargiulo2, Maria Romano3

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.

Medical Devices (Auckland, N.Z.)
|October 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A novel, wide-bandwidth biopotential amplifier accurately detects pacemaker pulses in electrocardiography (ECG) signals. This advancement improves diagnosis of pacemaker issues and allows for precise pulse timing and vectorcardiography.

Keywords:
electrocardiography devicepacemaker pulse waveformwideband biopotential amplifiers

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiology
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Accurate pacemaker pulse detection is crucial for electrocardiography (ECG) diagnosis.
  • Previous studies on pacemaker pulse waveform analysis were limited by inadequate instrumentation.
  • Pacemaker pulse characteristics (duration, edge, amplitude, waveform variability) pose detection challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a simple, off-the-shelf biopotential amplifier for accurate pacemaker pulse detection.
  • To achieve a wide bandwidth (~1 MHz) suitable for capturing fast pulse dynamics.
  • To enable precise timing and potential vectorcardiography of pacemaker pulses.

Main Methods:

  • Design and implementation of a simple biopotential amplifier using readily available components.
  • Verification of the amplifier's specifications for biopotential measurements and bandwidth (~1 MHz).
  • Recording and analysis of pacemaker pulse waveforms using the developed amplifier and a standard oscilloscope.

Main Results:

  • The proposed amplifier accurately records the time course of pacemaker pulses.
  • High accuracy in pacemaker pulse detection and timing was achieved.
  • Simultaneous conventional ECG signals were obtained as an additional output.
  • Pacemaker pulse vectorcardiography was demonstrated using multiple wideband channels.

Conclusions:

  • The developed wide-bandwidth biopotential amplifier effectively addresses the challenges in pacemaker pulse detection.
  • This circuit provides a practical and accurate solution for analyzing pacemaker function and diagnosing related issues.
  • The proposed system facilitates enhanced diagnostic capabilities in ECG, including lead integrity assessment and precise timing.