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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Histone Modification02:32

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice
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Epigenetics in Multiple Myeloma.

Siobhan V Glavey1, Salomon Manier1, Antonio Sacco1

  • 1Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.

Cancer Treatment and Research
|October 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in multiple myeloma, a complex and incurable plasma cell cancer. Understanding their role in disease development offers new therapeutic targets and diagnostic relevance.

Keywords:
DNA acetylationEpigeneticsMethylationmiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma is a heterogeneous plasma cell malignancy with poor prognosis.
  • Current understanding of its genomic and phenotypic complexity is incomplete, hindering novel therapy development.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are implicated in various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the biological role of miRNAs in multiple myeloma.
  • To identify the prognostic and diagnostic relevance of miRNAs in this disease.
  • To elucidate the contribution of miRNAs to epigenetic regulation in multiple myeloma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in miRNA research in hematological malignancies.
  • Analysis of the impact of miRNAs on gene expression in multiple myeloma.
  • Investigation of miRNA involvement in cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and stress response.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs are significant regulators of gene expression in multiple myeloma.
  • Advances in understanding miRNA function have provided new prognostic and diagnostic insights.
  • miRNAs play a crucial role in key cellular processes relevant to multiple myeloma pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are critical in multiple myeloma and offer potential as therapeutic targets.
  • Further research into miRNA function can illuminate epigenetic mechanisms in the disease.
  • Understanding miRNA roles is essential for developing more effective treatments for multiple myeloma.