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Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
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Beyond Reproduction: Pituitary Hormone Actions on Bone.

T Yuen1, L Sun1, P Liu1

  • 1The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|October 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pituitary hormones, like thyroid-stimulating hormone, have receptors on bone cells, revealing new functions. These findings open avenues for novel therapeutic interventions targeting skeletal health.

Keywords:
bonefollitropinosteoblastosteoclastosteoporosisthyrotropin

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Pituitary hormones were traditionally believed to act only on specific master target organs.
  • G protein-coupled receptors for several pituitary hormones have been identified on bone cells, challenging this dogma.
  • These hormones and their receptors are ancient, existing in primitive invertebrates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the previously unrecognized skeletal actions of pituitary hormones.
  • To highlight the potential of these hormones as therapeutic targets for bone-related conditions.
  • To discuss the broader implications of pituitary hormone signaling in mammalian physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Documentation of G protein-coupled receptors for specific pituitary hormones on bone cells.
  • Review of existing literature on the evolutionary conservation and primitive roles of these hormones.
  • Analysis of the physiological relevance of these findings in mammalian systems.

Main Results:

  • Established the presence of receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, oxytocin, and vasopressin on bone cells.
  • Demonstrated that these evolutionarily conserved hormones have multiple, previously unrecognized functions in mammalian physiology.
  • Identified pituitary hormones as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in skeletal disorders.

Conclusions:

  • The traditional view of pituitary hormone action is incomplete.
  • Pituitary hormones play significant roles in skeletal physiology.
  • These hormones represent promising targets for future drug development in bone diseases.