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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
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Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C
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Environment impacts innate immune ontogeny.

Mathieu Garand1, Bing Cai1, Tobias R Kollmann1,2

  • 11 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Innate Immunity
|October 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infant immune responses varied by ethnicity at birth but became similar over time, suggesting environmental factors significantly shape early immune development. Understanding these influences could lead to targeted immune modulation strategies.

Keywords:
Environmentagecytokineethnicimmunityinfantsinnateraceresponses

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Immune system responses to infection and vaccination vary across populations and age groups.
  • The precise mechanisms driving these variations, whether genetic or environmental, remain unclear.
  • Investigating immune ontogeny requires understanding the interplay between host genetics and environmental exposures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of ethnicity and environment on early-life immune responses.
  • To determine if differences in innate cytokine production at birth between racial groups persist or converge over time.
  • To explore the role of environmental factors in shaping immune ontogeny.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed innate cytokine responses by stimulating blood mononuclear cells from infants.
  • Compared responses at birth, 1 year, and 2 years of age.
  • Studied infants of Caucasian and Asian parentage raised in the same urban environment.

Main Results:

  • At birth, Asian infants exhibited significantly higher innate cytokine responses compared to Caucasian infants.
  • These ethnic differences diminished over the first 1-2 years of life.
  • Immune responses became more similar between the groups as they shared the same environment.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors play a crucial role in modulating innate immune responses during early development.
  • The equalization of immune responses suggests environmental influences are potent in shaping immune ontogeny.
  • Identifying specific environmental factors could enable targeted immune modulation strategies for infants.