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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors

Published on: March 29, 2019

NCCN Guidelines Insights: Bladder Cancer, Version 2.2016.

Peter E Clark¹, Philippe E Spiess¹, Neeraj Agarwal¹

¹From Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; Moffitt Cancer Center; Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; Patient Advocate; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Stanford Cancer Institute; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center; University of Colorado Cancer Center; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; Fox Chase Cancer Center; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center/University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute; Duke Cancer Institute; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center; Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute; University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center; and National Comprehensive Cancer Network.

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN

|October 5, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recent bladder cancer guidelines refine intravesical treatments and strengthen perioperative chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is now recommended for advanced or metastatic disease, impacting clinical practice.

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Area of Science:

Urology
Oncology
Clinical Practice Guidelines

Background:

The NCCN Guidelines for Bladder Cancer undergo regular updates to reflect the latest evidence and expert consensus.
Bladder cancer management involves complex treatment decisions requiring up-to-date recommendations.

Framework:

Updates focus on refining intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy.
Recommendations for perioperative systemic chemotherapy have been strengthened.
Immunotherapy integration into second-line treatment for advanced or metastatic bladder cancer is now included.

Implementation:

Guideline updates aim to optimize treatment strategies for bladder cancer patients.
Factors influencing the integration of these updated recommendations into routine clinical practice are discussed.

Implications:

These revisions aim to improve patient outcomes in bladder cancer care.
The updated guidelines provide a crucial framework for oncologists and urologists.
Incorporation of immunotherapy signifies a shift in advanced bladder cancer treatment paradigms.