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Related Concept Videos

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

17.2K
Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...
17.2K
Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

15.8K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
15.8K
Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

136.0K
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
136.0K
IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

2.0K
The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular...
2.0K
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

22.7K
Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
22.7K
Basicity of Aliphatic Amines01:21

Basicity of Aliphatic Amines

7.1K
Amines can behave as Brønsted–Lowry bases by accepting a proton from the acid to form corresponding conjugate acids. Due to a lone pair of nonbonding electrons, aliphatic amines can also act as Lewis bases by forming a covalent bond with an electrophile.
To measure the basicity of amines, two conventions are generally used. The first defines Kb as the basicity constant for the deprotonation reaction of water by the amine, as presented in Figure 1. Conventionally, lower Kb indicates higher...
7.1K

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Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy
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Hydrogen-bonding Interactions between Apigenin and Ethanol/Water: A Theoretical Study.

Yan-Zhen Zheng1, Yu Zhou2, Qin Liang1

  • 1College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China.

Scientific Reports
|October 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study used quantum chemical calculations to investigate hydrogen bonds between apigenin and water/ethanol. Apigenin

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Chemistry
  • Molecular Interactions
  • Flavonoid Chemistry

Background:

  • Apigenin is a naturally occurring flavonoid with potential biological activities.
  • Understanding its interactions with solvents is crucial for its applications.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a key role in molecular recognition and solvation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hydrogen-bonding interactions between apigenin and water/ethanol.
  • To analyze the structural and electronic properties of apigenin-solvent complexes.
  • To determine the nature and strength of these hydrogen bonds.

Main Methods:

  • Quantum chemical calculations were employed.
  • Two conformations of apigenin were considered.
  • Optimized geometries of apigenin-water and apigenin-ethanol complexes were obtained.

Main Results:

  • Apigenin possesses multiple hydrogen-bonding sites, including hydroxyl groups.
  • Various hydrogen-bonded complexes with water and ethanol were identified.
  • Hydrogen bond formation influences X-H bond elongation and red-shift, with charge transfer occurring.
  • Interactions are primarily electrostatic, with some covalent character in specific bonds.

Conclusions:

  • The hydroxyl groups of apigenin are preferential hydrogen-bonding sites.
  • Hydrogen bonding significantly impacts the electronic structure of apigenin.
  • These findings provide insights into apigenin's solvation and molecular interactions.