Misdiagnosed infantile rhabdomyofibrosarcoma: A case report

Infantile rhabdomyofibrosarcoma is a rare form of soft-tissue tumor often associated with difficulties in diagnosis. The disease is positioned intermediately between rhabdomyosarcoma and infantile fibrosarcoma in terms of clinical presentation, immunohistochemistry, behavior, morphology and ultrastructural features. Reports of rhabdomyofibrosarcoma cases are limited in the literature. The present case describes a 26-month-old female who presented with a slowly progressive, soft-tissue mass in the right chest wall. The mass was successfully treated with surgery. Using histopathology, the tumor was diagnosed and classified as infantile rhabdomyofibrosarcoma. The patient has been followed-up for 2 years and is currently in good condition. The present case demonstrates that early, radical, local surgery and multidisciplinary cooperation were successful for the treatment of rhabdomyofibrosarcoma, and close follow-up highly recommended.