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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.9K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.9K
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

2.0K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
2.0K
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

1.6K
Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
1.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.6K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Four pulse recoupling.

Navin Khaneja1, Ashutosh Kumar2

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, 400076, India.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|October 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel four-pulse recoupling sequences enhance magic angle spinning solid-state NMR experiments. These robust pulse sequences improve broadband recoupling for both homonuclear and heteronuclear interactions.

Keywords:
Broadband recouplingHartmann Hahn matchMASRecouplingrf-inhomogeneity

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Advanced Pulse Sequence Design
  • Biophysical Chemistry

Background:

  • Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR is crucial for determining molecular structures.
  • Recoupling pulse sequences are essential for observing weak interactions in MAS NMR.
  • Existing recoupling methods can be limited by bandwidth and radiofrequency inhomogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel family of four-pulse recoupling sequences for MAS solid-state NMR.
  • To demonstrate the robustness and broadband capabilities of these new sequences.
  • To apply the method for structural analysis of biomolecules.

Main Methods:

  • Development of novel homonuclear and heteronuclear four-pulse recoupling sequences.
  • Characterization of pulse sequence performance under chemical shift dispersion and RF inhomogeneity.
  • Experimental validation using Glycine (homonuclear) and Alanine (heteronuclear) samples.
  • Application to a tripeptide N-formyl-[U-13C, 15N]-Met-Leu-Phe-OH (MLF) sample.

Main Results:

  • The four-pulse recoupling sequences effectively mix y magnetization.
  • These sequences exhibit enhanced broadband performance compared to existing three-pulse methods.
  • Successful experimental quantification of homonuclear (13Cα-13CO) and heteronuclear (15N-13Cα) recoupling.
  • Demonstrated application in analyzing the structure of the MLF tripeptide.

Conclusions:

  • The developed four-pulse recoupling sequences offer a robust and broadband alternative for solid-state NMR.
  • This method provides improved sensitivity and applicability for structural studies of complex molecules.
  • The technique holds significant potential for advancing molecular structure determination in various chemical and biological systems.