Primary Central Nervous System Anaplastic Large T-cell Lymphoma

Area of Science:

• Neuro-oncology
• Hematology
• Surgical Pathology

Background:

• Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) of T-cell origin is an exceptionally rare and aggressive intracranial neoplasm.
• This case involves a 26-year-old male with no prior history suggestive of intracranial pathology.

Observation:

• The patient underwent a gross total tumor resection via an osteoplastic craniotomy with a left frontal transcortical transventricular approach.
• Histological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the tumor as anaplastic large cell lymphoma of T-cells (T-ALCL).

Findings:

• Postoperative recovery was complete, with no residual tumor evident on six-month follow-up imaging.
• The patient received adjuvant therapy including corticosteroids, chemotherapy, and irradiation.

Implications:

• Early radical tumor resection for solitary PCNSL may be a key management strategy in selected patients.
• PCNSL is a potentially curable brain tumor when managed with a combination of surgery and adjuvant therapies.
• This case highlights the importance of multidisciplinary management for rare T-cell primary CNS lymphomas.