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Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

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 Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
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Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
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Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Pectins, Endopolygalacturonases, and Bioenergy.

Mariana B G Latarullo1, Eveline Q P Tavares2, Gabriel P Maldonado3

  • 1Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Bioproducts Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|October 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Efficient bioethanol production requires breaking down plant cell walls. Endopolygalacturonases (EPGs) from plants and bacteria, not fungi, are key to unlocking pectin for cost-effective bioenergy.

Keywords:
bioenergybioethanolcell wallendopolygalacturonaseethanolgrassespectinase

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Area of Science:

  • Biomass Degradation
  • Bioenergy Production
  • Plant Cell Wall Structure

Background:

  • Plant cell wall recalcitrance hinders cost-effective bioethanol production.
  • Pectins, though low in grasses, are crucial for cell wall hydrolysis.
  • Current pretreatment methods are costly and cause material loss.

Approach:

  • Mini-review of pectin's role in plant cell wall hydrolysis for bioenergy.
  • Focus on endopolygalacturonases (EPGs) and their significance.
  • Screening of EPGs cataloged by CAZy, with emphasis on fungal sources like Aspergillus niger.

Key Points:

  • Fungal EPGs dominate current research and structural data.
  • EPGs from bacteria and plants show higher similarity to each other than to fungal EPGs.
  • Pectin's role in biomass recalcitrance is significant despite low abundance.

Conclusions:

  • Structural and functional studies of plant and bacterial EPGs are crucial.
  • Prioritizing research on plant and bacterial EPGs will advance pectinase applications in bioenergy.
  • Understanding EPGs can lead to more efficient and cost-effective bioethanol production.