Chronic myelocytic leukemic fundus lesion: A case report

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Hematology
• Oncology

Background:

• Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) typically presents with systemic symptoms like fatigue, fever, and enlarged spleen.
• Ocular manifestations of leukemia are uncommon presenting symptoms, making diagnosis challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a unique case of CML diagnosed via fundus examination.
• To emphasize the importance of ophthalmological evaluation in diagnosing hematologic disorders.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a 23-year-old male with visual disturbances.
• Fundus examination revealing Roth spots, papillary edema, and dilated veins.
• Laboratory tests including blood count, ultrasound, and bone marrow biopsy for diagnosis.

Main Results:

• The patient presented with blurred vision and a fundus exhibiting characteristic Roth spots.
• Diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia was confirmed through comprehensive laboratory investigations.
• The ocular findings were the initial indicators leading to the hematologic diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• Ophthalmological findings, such as Roth spots, can be the presenting sign of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
• This case underscores the significance of considering leukemia in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained ocular hemorrhages.
• Prompt diagnosis and treatment initiation are vital for managing CML effectively.