Primary Nocturnal Enuresis: A Review.

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Urology
• Child Psychology

Background:

• Nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) is common pediatric urinary incontinence with significant psychosocial impact.
• Defined as inability to hold urine at night post-toilet training; primary if never achieved continence, secondary if 6+ months dry.
• Review aimed to consolidate pathophysiological background and general information on nocturnal enuresis.

Approach:

• Literature review of nocturnal enuresis (1970-2015).
• Searches conducted via PubMed using keywords: 'nocturnal enuresis,' 'incontinence,' 'pediatric,' 'review,' 'treatment.'

Key Points:

• Children with nocturnal enuresis may have increased nighttime urine production and reduced bladder capacity.
• Associated symptoms can include daytime urgency, frequency, and incontinence.
• Treatments involve addressing constipation/UTIs, behavioral changes, medical therapy, and alarm therapy as first-line for primary enuresis.

Conclusions:

• Nocturnal enuresis is a prevalent issue with diverse effects on children and families.
• Multiple etiologic factors contribute to the condition, complicating a clear definition.