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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Modulating Vesicle Adhesion by Electric Fields.

Jan Steinkühler1, Jaime Agudo-Canalejo1, Reinhard Lipowsky1

  • 1Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany.

Biophysical Journal
|October 6, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new method to control vesicle adhesion to surfaces using electric fields. This technique allows for tunable and reversible adhesion, offering new possibilities for single-vesicle studies and membrane research.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are crucial models for cell membranes.
  • Understanding and controlling vesicle adhesion is vital for biomimetic systems and drug delivery.
  • Existing methods for modulating vesicle adhesion are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce an experimental setup for tunable and reversible adhesion of GUVs to a planar substrate.
  • To quantify adhesion energy and investigate lipid behavior in adhering vesicles.
  • To explore potential applications in single-vesicle studies and membrane adhesion research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an indium tin oxide-coated electrode to apply external potentials for adhesion induction.
  • Employed confocal microscopy to assess vesicle shape and calculate adhesion energy.
  • Performed fluorescence quenching assays to analyze lipid distribution in the vesicle bilayer.
  • Applied Poisson-Boltzmann theory to model lipid depletion.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated tunable and reversible adhesion of negatively charged vesicles via external potentials.
  • Calculated adhesion energy using two distinct methods, confirming weak adhesion in the explored range.
  • Observed depletion of negatively charged lipids exclusively in the outer bilayer leaflet of adhering vesicles.
  • Found no significant impact on lipid diffusion within the adhering membrane segment.

Conclusions:

  • The developed experimental setup effectively modulates GUV adhesion to substrates.
  • Lipid redistribution in the outer leaflet is consistent with theoretical models of charge regulation.
  • The method provides a powerful tool for investigating membrane adhesion at the single-vesicle level.