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Related Concept Videos

Cell Migration01:19

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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

High Throughput Traction Force Microscopy Using PDMS Reveals Dose-Dependent Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-β on the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
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Positive Quantitative Relationship between EMT and Contact-Initiated Sliding on Fiber-like Tracks.

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Partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells drives progressive cell sliding and invasiveness. Even partial EMT, induced by transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), enhances cell migration on specific micropatterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial for cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
  • Complete EMT is not essential for metastasis; partial EMT states are observed in circulating tumor cells.
  • The extent to which intermediate EMT stages contribute to invasiveness remains an open question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer cell invasiveness.
  • To quantify the impact of varying transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) exposure on EMT and cell sliding.
  • To determine if intermediate EMT stages promote progressive invasiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cancer cell lines and prometastatic gene-transduced cells.
  • Employed spatially confined, fiberlike micropatterns to assess cell sliding.
  • Administered low- and high-dosage/short- and long-duration transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) treatments.
  • Quantified cell sliding on micropatterns of varying widths (15, 26, and 41 μm).

Main Results:

  • Low-dosage/short-duration TGFβ induced partial EMT, enabling cell sliding on 26 μm micropatterns (vs. 41 μm for untreated cells).
  • High-dosage/long-duration TGFβ induced more complete EMT (disrupted cell contacts, reduced E-cadherin), promoting sliding on the narrowest 15 μm micropatterns.
  • Demonstrated a direct, quantitative, and progressive relationship between EMT stages and cell sliding invasiveness.

Conclusions:

  • EMT-associated cell sliding is a progressive invasive behavior directly correlated with EMT completion.
  • Partial EMT states confer intermediate invasiveness, while more complete EMT maximizes this property.
  • A synergistic model of fiber maturation and EMT promotes cancer invasiveness.