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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
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The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
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Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
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Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells
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Developmental Vitamin D Availability Impacts Hematopoietic Stem Cell Production.

Mauricio Cortes1, Michael J Chen2, David L Stachura3

  • 1Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Cell Reports
|October 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin D (1,25(OH)D3) is crucial for embryonic development, impacting hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) production. This study shows vitamin D directly promotes HSPC proliferation, suggesting therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
1,25(OH)D3CFU-Ccxcl8hUCBhematopoietic stem cell (HSC)vitamin Dzebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Hematology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Vitamin D insufficiency is a global health issue affecting millions, including vulnerable populations like pregnant women and children.
  • The non-calcemic roles of active vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)D3) in embryonic development are not well understood.
  • Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are critical for blood formation and immune function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of active vitamin D3 on embryonic development, specifically focusing on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) production.
  • To determine if vitamin D3 directly influences HSPC proliferation independently of calcium regulation.
  • To explore the potential therapeutic applications of vitamin D3 in HSPC expansion.

Main Methods:

  • Gene knockdown of Cyp27b1 (vitamin D biosynthesis) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in zebrafish embryos.
  • In vivo and in vitro modulation of vitamin D3 levels in zebrafish.
  • Ex vivo treatment of human HSPCs with 1,25(OH)D3.
  • Analysis of runx1 expression, Flk1+cMyb+ HSPC numbers, and hematopoietic colony formation.
  • Gene expression and epistasis analysis to identify functional targets.

Main Results:

  • Loss of vitamin D3 biosynthesis or VDR function led to reduced runx1 expression and HSPC numbers in zebrafish.
  • Vitamin D3 directly enhanced zebrafish HSPC proliferation in a calcium-independent manner.
  • Ex vivo treatment with 1,25(OH)D3 increased hematopoietic colony formation in human HSPCs.
  • CXCL8 (IL-8) was identified as a functional target of vitamin D3 in HSPC regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental availability of 1,25(OH)D3 is essential for definitive hematopoiesis.
  • Vitamin D3 directly regulates HSPC proliferation, independent of calcium homeostasis.
  • These findings suggest vitamin D3 as a potential therapeutic agent for expanding HSPCs.