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Related Concept Videos

Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

18.9K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
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Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

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Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
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A High-Density Map for Navigating the Human Polycomb Complexome.

Simon Hauri1, Federico Comoglio2, Makiko Seimiya2

  • 1Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; Competence Center Personalized Medicine UZH/ETH, 8044 Zürich, Switzerland.

Cell Reports
|October 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study maps human Polycomb group (PcG) protein interactions, revealing diverse complexes and their roles in gene silencing. It identifies new PcG interactors and distinct binding targets for PR-DUB and PRC1 complexes.

Keywords:
AP-MSPolycombepigeneticsgene silencingproteomics

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Gene Regulation
  • Molecular Biology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are crucial for gene silencing and epigenetic memory in eukaryotes.
  • Understanding the composition and function of PcG complexes is essential for deciphering gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically map the human PcG complexome using affinity purification mass spectrometry.
  • To identify PcG interactors and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PcG complex recruitment to target genes.

Main Methods:

  • Affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) to map protein interactions.
  • High-density protein interaction network analysis.
  • Genome-wide profiling of PR-DUB complex components.

Main Results:

  • Uncovered a diverse range of human PcG complexes and identified novel PcG interactors.
  • Identified two human PRC2 complexes and two PR-DUB deubiquitination complexes, including OGT1 and transcription factors.
  • Demonstrated that human PR-DUB and PRC1 complexes bind distinct sets of target genes.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive map of the human PcG complexome, offering insights into their functions.
  • Distinct target gene binding of PR-DUB and PRC1 complexes suggests differential roles in mammalian cellular processes.