Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Prochirality

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Tethered agonist- and GAIN domain-independent signaling of an adhesion GPCR.

Science advances·2026

Same author

Ligand-Controlled Oxidant-Free Gold(I)/(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzocyclobutenes via [2 + 2] Annulation.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Strong Acceleration of SO<sub>2</sub> Autoxidation at the Subsurface of Deliquesced Aerosols with Surface-Active Organic Acids.

Environmental science & technology·2026

Same author

BAI adhesion-GPCRs perform distinct functions in neural development differentially controlled by RTN4R and C1ql ligands.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

DFT Calculations Reveal the Origins of Chemo-, Regio-, and Stereoselectivities in Nickel-Catalyzed Synthesis of Chiral Tetrasubstituted Allenes with Simultaneous Construction of Central and Axial Chirality.

Inorganic chemistry·2025

Same author

Core-shell structured nickel@polydopamine magnetic composite nanotubes for chelator-free protein removal: Self-released Ni<sup>2+</sup>-mediated selective adsorption of histidine-rich proteins.

Talanta·2025

Same journal

Epidemiological characteristics of amebiasis in Japan from 2001 to 2022.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Longitudinal associations of academic stress with eating related patterns, nutrition, somatic indicators, and depressive symptoms in university students: A study protocol.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Pollution removal efficiency enhancement by agricultural biomass additions in constructed wetlands: A framework integrating meta-analysis with explainable machine learning.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Insulation failure mapping on power transformer bushing using FRA and electrostatic simulation.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

Enhancing medical Q&A systems with multimodal knowledge graphs and dual-layer attention mechanisms.

PloS one·2026

Same journal

UAMP: Consistent video object segmentation with uncertainty-aware memory propagation.

PloS one·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

Optimizing the Learning Order of Chinese Characters Using a Novel Topological Sort Algorithm.

James C Loach¹, Jinzhao Wang¹

¹INPAC and Dept. of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

|October 6, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new algorithm for learning Chinese characters, prioritizing usage frequency and structural complexity. The optimized learning order significantly outperforms previous methods, enhancing educational efficiency.

More Related Videos

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: March 11, 2021

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: March 11, 2021

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

Area of Science:

Computational linguistics
Educational technology
Algorithm design

Background:

Traditional Chinese character learning methods lack optimization.
Existing algorithms do not integrate usage frequency and structural complexity effectively.
Optimizing learning sequences is crucial for efficient knowledge acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel algorithm for optimizing the learning order of Chinese characters.
To integrate character usage frequency and hierarchical structural relationships into the learning sequence.
To demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over existing methods.

Main Methods:

Developed a novel algorithm combining usage frequency and structural complexity for character ordering.
Implemented and tested the algorithm against established learning orders.
Utilized topological sorting principles for scheduling optimization.

Main Results:

The proposed algorithm generated a superior learning order compared to previous methods.
Empirical evidence shows significant performance improvement.
The algorithm's effectiveness in optimizing learning sequences was validated.

Conclusions:

The novel algorithm provides an optimized approach to learning Chinese characters.
This method enhances learning efficiency by considering both frequency and structure.
The algorithm has broader applications in scheduling tasks with prioritized, topologically ordered nodes.