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Sleep disorder investigation might be considered to be mandatory in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Paulo Sérgio Azeredo Henriques1,2,3

  • 1Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Graduação Ciências Médicas, Brasília DF, Brasil.

Arquivos De Neuro-Psiquiatria
|October 6, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Children with attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) showed decreased P300 brainwave amplitude. Assessing for OSA is crucial for children with attention deficits.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly recognized as a comorbidity in pediatric populations.
  • The P300 event-related potential (ERP) is a neurophysiological marker sensitive to attention and cognitive processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of OSA in children diagnosed with ADHD.
  • To compare the amplitude and latency of the P300 potential in children with and without OSA, within an ADHD cohort.
  • To explore the relationship between OSA, sleep fragmentation, and attention deficits in ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-one children with ADHD participated in the study.
  • Auditory oddball tasks were used to elicit P300 ERPs.
  • All-night polysomnography was conducted to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Main Results:

  • A significant decrease in P300 potential amplitude was observed in children with ADHD and OSA compared to those without OSA.
  • No significant difference in P300 latency was reported between the groups.
  • The findings suggest a neurophysiological impact of OSA on attention processes in children with ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep fragmentation due to OSA can worsen the attention deficits characteristic of ADHD.
  • Screening for OSA is important in the differential diagnosis of attention deficits in children.
  • Early identification and management of OSA may improve attentional outcomes in children with ADHD.
Abstract

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