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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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Related Experiment Video

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A PCR-based Genotyping Method to Distinguish Between Wild-type and Ornamental Varieties of Imperata cylindrica
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Investigating genetic diversity in sapucaia using inter simple sequence repeat markers.

R C Borges1, F M G Santos2, M C C Maia3

  • 1Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ininga, Teresina, PI, Brasil.

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|October 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Genetic diversity in sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis) seeds was assessed using inter-simple sequence repeat primers. High genetic variation was found, indicating potential for breeding programs.

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Area of Science:

  • Botany
  • Genetics
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis) is a Brazilian Amazon tree species with calorie and protein-rich seeds, holding commercial potential.
  • Limited knowledge exists regarding the genetic variability within the germplasm of most Lecythis species, hindering conservation and breeding efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate genetic variability among sapucaia accessions.
  • To determine levels of genetic variation and population structure within sapucaia.
  • To assess the potential of sapucaia germplasm for genetic breeding programs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 11 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers to analyze 17 sapucaia accessions from Embrapa Meio-Norte's germplasm bank.
  • Analyzed 96 genetic loci across the accessions, originating from four distinct occurrence areas.
  • Quantified genetic diversity using percentage of polymorphic bands, Nei's genetic diversity (h), and Shannon's index (I).

Main Results:

  • High genetic variation was observed at the species level (94.79% polymorphic bands, h=0.3110, I=0.4732).
  • Population-level polymorphism, diversity, and Shannon's index varied significantly across the analyzed populations.
  • Significant genetic differentiation among populations (ΦST = 10.66%) was detected, with greater differentiation within populations (89.34%) and intermediate gene flow (Nm = 1.10).

Conclusions:

  • Sapucaia accessions from the germplasm bank exhibit elevated genetic diversity.
  • Specific accessions (BGS 2 and BGS 4) were identified as most divergent, while others (BGS 14 and BGS 15) were most similar.
  • The substantial genetic diversity suggests significant potential for sapucaia in genetic breeding programs.