Short Communication Quick method for identifying horse (Equus caballus) and donkey (Equus asinus) hybrids

Area of Science:

• Animal Genetics and Breeding
• Molecular Biology
• Equine Science

Background:

• The domestication of the Equus genus led to the crossbreeding of horses and donkeys, creating mules and hinnies.
• Mules and hinnies exhibit hybrid vigor, making them valuable for work and transport.
• Visual differentiation between mules and hinnies is challenging due to high phenotypic similarity, despite its importance for breeders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop an accessible, cost-effective, and rapid method for distinguishing mules from hinnies.
• To accurately determine the maternal origin of equine hybrids.

Main Methods:

• Development of a multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.
• Targeting the hyper-variable mitochondrial DNA D-loop region for species identification.
• Validation of the method's ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and speed.

Main Results:

• A reliable multiplex-PCR method was successfully established.
• The method effectively distinguishes the maternal origin of mules and hinnies.
• The technique is characterized by its simplicity, low cost, and speed.

Conclusions:

• This novel PCR methodology provides a precise tool for identifying equine hybrids.
• The method will aid breeders, ranchers, and animal science professionals in managing equine herds.
• Enhanced accuracy in distinguishing mules and hinnies supports better breeding and management practices.