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Pupil old/new effects reflect stimulus encoding and decoding in short-term memory.

Andreas Brocher¹, Tim Graf¹

¹Department of German Literature and Linguistics I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Psychophysiology

|October 6, 2016

Summary

Pupil old/new effects in memory research do not reflect long-term memory processes like familiarity or recollection. Instead, these effects appear to be driven by the strength of memory traces in short-term memory.

Keywords:

Dual-process model Old/new effects Pupillometry Recognition memory

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Experimental Psychology

Background:

Recognition memory involves familiarity and recollection.
Pupil responses have been investigated as a measure of cognitive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the link between pupil old/new effects and familiarity/recollection in recognition memory.
To determine if pupil responses reflect long-term memory representations.

Main Methods:

Five experiments were conducted using pupil old/new effects with various word types and decision tasks.
Participants performed old/new decisions, lexical decisions, and speeded responses.

Main Results:

Robust pupil old/new effects were observed for legal words, positive/negative words, and different word frequencies.
No effects of long-term memory representations on pupil old/new effects were found.
Pupil old/new effects were absent with speeded responses and restricted in lexical decision tasks.

Conclusions:

Pupil old/new effects do not map onto familiarity and recollection processes of recognition memory.
These effects likely reflect the strength of memory traces in short-term memory.
Experimental task manipulations weakening memory traces significantly reduce pupil old/new effects.