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Related Concept Videos

Shrinkage in Concrete01:27

Shrinkage in Concrete

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Shrinkage in concrete is primarily due to water loss from evaporation, hydration of cement, or carbonation, leading to a reduction in volume. The volumetric contraction results in volumetric strain in concrete. However, in practice, shrinkage is measured as linear strain, which is one-third of the volumetric strain.
When concrete is still in its plastic state, it can undergo a decrease in volume by about 1% of its absolute volume. This decrease is known as plastic shrinkage. It arises either...
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Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

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Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
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Deleterious Substances in Aggregate01:25

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Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
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Errors in taping arise from multiple factors that can significantly impact measurement accuracy in surveying. Misalignment of the tape, often due to human error, is one primary source. A skilled rear tapeman, using a telescope, can help correct alignment by guiding the head tapeman; however, human limitations still lead to small inaccuracies. These errors may include misplacement of pins or inaccurate tape readings due to common visual confusions, such as mistaking a six for a nine. Such...
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Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

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This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
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When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
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Design and Construction of an Urban Runoff Research Facility
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Concern over lost foundation bids.

Colin Parish

    Nursing Management (Harrow, London, England : 1994)
    |October 7, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Senior nurses expressed disappointment as their healthcare trusts were not included in the foundation trust initiative. This exclusion impacts opportunities for greater autonomy and development within the National Health Service.

    Area of Science:

    • Healthcare Management
    • Nursing Leadership

    Background:

    • The foundation trust initiative aimed to grant greater autonomy to healthcare organizations within the National Health Service.
    • Exclusion from this initiative may limit developmental opportunities for certain trusts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To document and understand the concerns of senior nurses regarding their trusts' exclusion from the foundation trust initiative.
    • To explore the implications of this exclusion on nursing leadership and organizational development.

    Main Methods:

    • Qualitative analysis of feedback from senior nurses.
    • Review of policy documents related to the foundation trust initiative.

    Main Results:

    • Senior nurses reported significant concern and disappointment over their trusts' exclusion.

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  • Exclusion was perceived as a barrier to achieving greater organizational autonomy and innovation.

    • Conclusions:

    • The exclusion of certain trusts from the foundation initiative has led to dissatisfaction among senior nursing staff.
    • Addressing these concerns is crucial for equitable development and morale within the National Health Service.