Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

1.8K
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
1.8K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

3.3K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
3.3K
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

832
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
832
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

3.8K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
3.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genomic Typing of Meningococcal Carriage Isolates in an Urban Sexual Health Clinic.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Perspective on the pathogenic Neisseria: milestones, challenges, and future directions.

NPJ vaccines·2026
Same author

Emerging and Pandemic Pathogens: Lessons Learned From a Clinical Research Network.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2025
Same author

Future Goals and Long-term Vision of the Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium/Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit Network.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2025
Same author

Baptism in a Pandemic: Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium Network Design for Readiness and Response.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2025
Same author

Mucosal and Systemic Antibody Responses After Boosting With a Bivalent Messenger RNA Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43
06:06

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Published on: September 11, 2020

2.2K

Macrolide Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Max R Schroeder1, David S Stephens2

  • 1Departments of Medicine, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|October 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Macrolide antibiotics are crucial for treating Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, but resistance is increasing due to genetic elements like erm(B) and mef(E). This resistance can lead to treatment failures and remains a concern despite vaccination efforts.

Keywords:
MegaStreptococcus pneumoniaeantibiotic resistanceerm(B)macrolide resistancemef(A/E)/mel(msr(D))pneumococci

More Related Videos

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

15.7K
Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
08:53

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

31.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43
06:06

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Published on: September 11, 2020

2.2K
Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

15.7K
Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
08:53

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

31.8K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common bacterium causing respiratory infections.
  • Macrolide antibiotics are frequently used to treat these infections.
  • Increasing macrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae is a significant public health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and genetic elements contributing to macrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae.
  • To discuss the impact of macrolide resistance on treatment outcomes.
  • To highlight the ongoing challenge of macrolide resistance in the context of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on macrolide resistance mechanisms in S. pneumoniae.
  • Analysis of genetic elements, such as Tn917, Mega, and Tn916-like elements, that carry resistance genes.
  • Examination of epidemiological data regarding the prevalence of macrolide resistance and the impact of vaccination.

Main Results:

  • Macrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae is primarily mediated by ribosomal dimethylation (erm(B)), efflux pumps (mef(E)/mel), and target site mutations.
  • Specific genetic elements like Tn917, Mega, Tn6002, Tn2009, and Tn2010 facilitate the spread of these resistance determinants.
  • While pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV-7, PCV-13) have reduced invasive macrolide-resistant disease, serotype replacement and emerging resistance remain critical issues.

Conclusions:

  • The genetic diversity of macrolide resistance determinants in S. pneumoniae poses a continuous challenge to antibiotic therapy.
  • Understanding the mobile genetic elements involved is crucial for developing strategies to combat resistance.
  • Ongoing surveillance and vaccine development are necessary to mitigate the impact of macrolide-resistant pneumococcal infections.