Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

3.9K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
3.9K
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

9.0K
The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
9.0K
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

14.2K
The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
14.2K
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

6.2K
Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
6.2K
Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

506
During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
506
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

2.6K
Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prefabricated Functional Bracing Versus Spica for Pediatric Femur Fractures Reduces Cost.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2026
Same author

Trends in Reconstructive Hip Surgery for Cerebral Palsy in U.S. Community Hospitals Before and After Publication of National Hip Surveillance Guidelines.

Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America·2026
Same author

Clinical Presentation and Patient-reported Function in Children With Sprengel's Deformity.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2026
Same author

Morphological variations in the talus and calcaneus in adults with cerebral palsy comparing with and without lateral column lengthening.

The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons·2025
Same author

Phocomelia Re-Examined Using the CoULD Registry.

The Journal of hand surgery·2025
Same author

Corrigendum to "The Commission for Motion Laboratory Accreditation (CMLA): History, process, and peer-review to assure excellence in clinical motion analysis" Gait Posture 121 (2025) 258-265.

Gait & posture·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Tricolor Transgenic Murine Model for Studying Growth Plate Injury
07:58

Tricolor Transgenic Murine Model for Studying Growth Plate Injury

Published on: September 6, 2024

1.3K

Lower extremity growth and deformity.

Amanda T Whitaker1,2, Carley Vuillermin3

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, HU319, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
|October 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric leg length discrepancies and deformities can be measured using methods like Green-Anderson. Surgical corrections, though complex, can improve limb length and alignment with careful planning.

Keywords:
DeformityGrowthLower extremityPediatric orthopedics

More Related Videos

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies
06:53

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies

Published on: July 4, 2017

11.8K
Individualized Stem-positioning in Calcar-guided Short-stem Total Hip Arthroplasty
09:31

Individualized Stem-positioning in Calcar-guided Short-stem Total Hip Arthroplasty

Published on: February 27, 2018

12.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Tricolor Transgenic Murine Model for Studying Growth Plate Injury
07:58

Tricolor Transgenic Murine Model for Studying Growth Plate Injury

Published on: September 6, 2024

1.3K
A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies
06:53

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies

Published on: July 4, 2017

11.8K
Individualized Stem-positioning in Calcar-guided Short-stem Total Hip Arthroplasty
09:31

Individualized Stem-positioning in Calcar-guided Short-stem Total Hip Arthroplasty

Published on: February 27, 2018

12.6K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Pediatric Limb Deformity Correction
  • Growth Plate Management

Background:

  • Pediatric lower extremity growth follows predictable patterns.
  • Deformities and growth disturbances can lead to leg length discrepancies.
  • Accurate measurement and prediction are crucial for effective treatment.

Approach:

  • Utilizes established methods like Green-Anderson, Moseley, and Multiplier for discrepancy assessment.
  • Employs various surgical techniques including epiphysiodesis, external fixators, and internal lengthening devices.
  • Highlights the importance of meticulous surgical planning and patient selection.

Key Points:

  • Multiple established methods exist for measuring and predicting pediatric leg length discrepancies.
  • A range of surgical interventions are available for correction.
  • Complications and limitations are associated with all treatment modalities.

Conclusions:

  • Despite inherent challenges, surgical correction can significantly improve limb length and alignment.
  • Careful patient selection and treatment planning are paramount for successful outcomes.
  • High levels of patient satisfaction can be achieved with appropriate management.