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Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Eustachian Tube Disorders in US Children and Adolescents
Mira A Patel1, David J Mener1, Esther Garcia-Esquinas2,3
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
Objectives:
To describe the association between active, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and the prevalence of eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) in the U.S. pediatric population.
Study Design:
Cross-sectional.
Setting:
U.S. representative demographic and audiometric data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES);2005-2010.
Subjects And Methods:
The study consisted of 2,977 children aged 12-19 years. ETD was defined as middle ear pressure <100mm H20. ETS was defined as non-active smoking in individuals with serum cotinine over the limit of detection (≥0.015 ng/mL) and <10 ng/mL(N = 1559).
Results:
The prevalence of ETD was 6.1%. After multivariate adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, education level, ethnicity, or having a cold, sinus problem or earache during the last 24 hours, compared to unexposed children, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of ETD for those exposed to ETS ages 12-15 in the first, second and third tertile of cotinine concentrations were, respectively, 1.38 (0.53-3.60), 0.99 (0.53-3.60) and 2.67 (1.12-6.34). Similarly, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of ETD for those exposed to ETS ages 16-19 in the first, second and third tertile of cotinine concentrations were, respectively, 1.28 (0.48-3.41), 0.99 (0.40-2.48) and 2.86 (1.19-6.88).
Conclusion:
These data suggest that children and adolescents exposed to high concentrations of ETS may have an increased prevalence of ETD.
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