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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Diagnosing β-Lactam Hypersensitivity.

Francesco Gaeta, Maria J Torres, Rocco Luigi Valluzzi

  • 1Unita di Allergologia, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Via G. Moscati, 31; 00168 Rome, Italy.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|October 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics are classified as immediate or non-immediate. Diagnosis involves patient history and specific in vitro and in vivo allergy tests tailored to reaction type.

Keywords:
Allergyantibioticsbeta-lactamshypersensitivityimmediatenon-immediatepatch testsskin tests.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics are frequently observed.
  • Reactions are categorized as immediate (within 1 hour) or non-immediate (after 1 hour) based on onset time.
  • Immediate reactions involve IgE antibodies and symptoms like anaphylaxis, while non-immediate reactions involve T-cells and maculopapular exanthemas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the classification of hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics.
  • To detail the diagnostic approaches for immediate and non-immediate reactions.
  • To emphasize the importance of patient history in allergy evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Classification based on reaction onset time (immediate vs. non-immediate).
  • Diagnostic evaluation includes patient history.
  • Allergy testing involves in vitro (serum IgE, basophil activation) and in vivo (skin tests, drug provocation tests) methods.

Main Results:

  • Immediate reactions: IgE-mediated, presenting with urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis.
  • Non-immediate reactions: T-cell mediated, commonly maculopapular exanthemas.
  • Diagnostic tests are selected based on clinical presentation and reaction timing.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of beta-lactam hypersensitivity relies on differentiating immediate and non-immediate reactions.
  • A combination of clinical history and appropriate in vitro/in vivo testing is crucial for diagnosis.
  • Drug provocation tests are valuable in selected cases for both immediate and non-immediate reactions.