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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography
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Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography

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Craniofacial Microsomia.

Kathleyn A Brandstetter1, Krishna G Patel1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, MSC 550, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.

Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America
|October 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a spectrum of birth defects affecting facial bone and soft tissue development. Treatment involves individualized surgical repair of bony and soft tissue anomalies.

Keywords:
Costochondral graftingCraniofacial microsomiaDistraction osteogenesisHemifacial microsomiaOculoauriculovertebral syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) presents a wide range of phenotypes.
  • It stems from abnormal development of the first and second pharyngeal arches.
  • CFM involves defects in mandible, other facial bones, ears, and soft tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the understanding of craniofacial microsomia.
  • To outline the classification and treatment approaches for CFM.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on craniofacial microsomia.
  • Analysis of classification systems and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • CFM etiology involves extrinsic and genetic factors.
  • Various classification systems exist to grade defect severity.
  • Treatment is tailored to individual patient deficits.

Conclusions:

  • CFM is a complex condition with diverse presentations.
  • Individualized surgical management is key for optimal outcomes.
  • Further research into genetic and extrinsic factors is warranted.