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Overview of the Skull

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 5, 2014

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma.

Sven-Olrik Streubel¹, David M Mirsky²

¹Pediatric Otolaryngology and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B455, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America

|October 8, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Facial trauma is a common cause of injury, especially in children. This article reviews facial trauma management, including antibiotic use and advanced trauma life support protocols.

Keywords:

Advanced Trauma Life Support Craniomaxillofacial trauma Fracture Soft tissue injury

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Area of Science:

Trauma surgery
Pediatric surgery
Emergency medicine

Background:

Facial trauma presents a significant source of morbidity in the United States.
The efficacy of antibiotic use in treating facial fractures remains unclear due to injury variability.
Pediatric patients exhibit a higher predisposition to craniofacial trauma.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the types and prevalence of facial trauma injuries.
To outline the approaches to managing facial trauma.
To highlight the importance of the Advanced Trauma Life Support protocol.

Main Methods:

Review of injury types and prevalence in facial trauma.
Discussion of management strategies for facial fractures.
Emphasis on the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocol for patient assessment.

Main Results:

Facial trauma leads to considerable morbidity.
Antibiotic benefits in facial fracture treatment are not definitively established.
Pediatric craniofacial trauma is more common due to body proportions.

Conclusions:

Comprehensive assessment using the Advanced Trauma Life Support protocol is crucial for all trauma patients.
Understanding injury patterns and management approaches is key to addressing facial trauma.
Further research may clarify the role of antibiotics in facial fracture care.