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A Rare But Important Entity: Epistaxis in Infants

Amy M DeLaroche1, Helene Tigchelaar1, Nirupama Kannikeswaran1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|October 8, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Epistaxis (nosebleeds) in infants under two years old is rare and may indicate serious underlying conditions like bleeding disorders or nonaccidental trauma. Prompt evaluation is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Case Review

Background:

  • Epistaxis is a frequent emergency department (ED) complaint, but uncommon in children under two years old.
  • In infants, nosebleeds can signal a bleeding disorder or nonaccidental trauma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and differential diagnoses of epistaxis in infants.
  • To outline the initial evaluation approach for this rare clinical presentation in young children.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 2-month-old infant presenting with epistaxis, followed by head trauma.
  • Literature review of infant epistaxis epidemiology, differential diagnoses, and evaluation strategies.

Main Results:

  • The infant case highlights the potential for serious underlying pathology.
  • Review emphasizes the need to consider systemic disease and nonaccidental trauma.

Conclusions:

  • Emergency physicians must screen for bleeding disorders and maintain a high suspicion for nonaccidental trauma in infants with epistaxis.
  • The diagnostic approach for infant epistaxis differs significantly from older children due to potential underlying severity.
Abstract

Keywords:
epistaxisinfantnonaccidental trauma

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