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Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and the Kidney.
1Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. walter.hoerl@meduniwien.ac.at.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 8, 2016
Summary
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can harm kidneys, especially in older adults or those with existing health issues. Dosage and drug selectivity influence the risk of acute kidney injury and electrolyte imbalances.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) target cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, specifically COX-1 and COX-2.
- Renal side effects of NSAIDs are linked to their COX-2/COX-1 selectivity and dosage.
- Certain patient groups, including the elderly and those with comorbidities, face higher risks of adverse renal events.
Approach:
- This review synthesizes current research on NSAID effects on kidney function.
- It examines how traditional NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors impact renal inflammation and homeostasis.
- The review considers various experimental and clinical conditions influencing NSAID-induced nephrotoxicity.
Key Points:
- NSAID use can lead to impaired kidney function, altered fluid and electrolyte balance.
- Elderly patients, individuals with heart failure, liver cirrhosis, or chronic kidney disease are more susceptible.
- Concomitant use of NSAIDs with renin-angiotensin blockers or diuretics increases the risk of acute kidney injury.
Conclusions:
- NSAIDs can cause significant renal dysfunction, including acute kidney failure.
- Understanding drug selectivity and patient risk factors is crucial for safe NSAID use.
- NSAID-induced effects on renal inflammation, water transport, and electrolyte balance can result in hypertension and kidney damage.
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