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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

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A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
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Phase Transitions02:31

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Entropy, a measure of disorder in a system, changes during phase transitions like freezing or boiling. At the transition temperature Ttrs, where two phases are in equilibrium, the phase transition is a reversible process. The entropy change can be calculated from a substance's enthalpy of transition using the equation ΔStrs = ΔtrsH /Ttrs.When a perfect gas expands isothermally from one volume to another, entropy increases logarithmically with volume. Conversely, isothermal compression...
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Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

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In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
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The Entropy as a State Function01:14

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Consider an arbitrary process that moves between two specific states (A and B) in a cyclic manner. This process is reversible and broken down into smaller parts that each follow a Carnot cycle. A Carnot cycle has two isothermal (constant temperature) processes. During these processes, the ratio of the amount of heat transferred to their respective temperature remains constant. The other two processes in the Carnot cycle are also reversible but adiabatic, which means they occur without any heat...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Non-equilibrium quantum phase transition via entanglement decoherence dynamics.

Yu-Chen Lin1, Pei-Yun Yang1, Wei-Min Zhang1

  • 1Department of Physics and Centre for Quantum Information Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.

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|October 8, 2016
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We studied how continuous variable entanglement decoherence changes with system-environment coupling. A nonequilibrium quantum phase transition occurs in the strong-coupling regime, leading to a 3D entanglement quantum phase diagram.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Entanglement is a key quantum resource.
  • Understanding decoherence is crucial for quantum technologies.
  • System-environment interactions drive decoherence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate decoherence dynamics of continuous variable entanglement.
  • Explore the transition from weak to strong coupling regimes.
  • Analyze the emergence of nonequilibrium quantum phase transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical solution for entanglement decoherence dynamics.
  • Consideration of arbitrary spectral densities.
  • Examination across varying system-environment coupling strengths.

Main Results:

  • Localized modes in strong coupling prevent equilibrium.
  • Nonequilibrium quantum phase transition observed.
  • Demonstrated transition for all Ohmic-type spectral densities.
  • Obtained a 3-D entanglement quantum phase diagram.

Conclusions:

  • System-environment coupling strength dictates decoherence.
  • Nonequilibrium quantum phase transitions are a feature of strong coupling.
  • The 3-D entanglement phase diagram provides a comprehensive overview.