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Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Resistors are fundamental components in electrical circuits, often manufactured from metallic alloys or carbon compounds. They model a material's ability to resist the flow of electric current, a characteristic that is crucial in controlling and regulating electrical power within a circuit.
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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms
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Resistance mechanisms.

Yasemin Cag1, Hulya Caskurlu1, Yanyan Fan2

  • 1Enfeksiyon Hastaliklari ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Department, Istanbul Medeniyet Universitesi Goztepe Egitim Arastirma Hastanesi, Istanbul, Turkey.

Annals of Translational Medicine
|October 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Antibiotic resistance in sepsis pathogens like E. coli compromises treatment efficacy. Understanding resistance mechanisms is crucial for combating this global health threat.

Keywords:
AcinetobacterEscherichia coli (E. coli)KlebsiellaPseudomonasbeta-lactamasescarbapenemasedrug resistance, multiplesepticshock

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening infections where timely antibiotic treatment is critical.
  • The global rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria severely impacts treatment outcomes.
  • Predominant sepsis pathogens include S. pneumoniae, E. coli, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas.

Approach:

  • This review examines the primary antibiotic resistance mechanisms employed by key sepsis-causing microorganisms.
  • Focuses on the interplay of genetic mutations and acquired resistance determinants.
  • Investigates specific mechanisms like ESBLs, carbapenemases, AMEs, quinolone resistance, and porin-efflux systems.

Key Points:

  • Multiple drug resistance is common in E. coli, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas.
  • Resistance mechanisms involve both acquired genes (e.g., ESBLs, carbapenemases) and spontaneous mutations affecting cellular structures.
  • Porin and efflux mechanisms are prevalent in Acinetobacter and P. aeruginosa.

Conclusions:

  • Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health challenge.
  • Understanding these resistance mechanisms is essential for developing effective therapeutic strategies against sepsis.
  • Continued research into novel treatments and resistance-breaking approaches is imperative.