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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Engineering Platform and Experimental Protocol for Design and Evaluation of a Neurally-controlled Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis
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Learning to use a body-powered prosthesis: changes in functionality and kinematics.

Laura H B Huinink1, Hanneke Bouwsema2,3, Dick H Plettenburg4

  • 1Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, UMCG sector F, FA 23, PO Box 196, Groningen, NL-9700 AD, The Netherlands.

Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation
|October 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Training basic prosthetic tasks improves functional skills in body-powered prosthesis users, with lasting effects. Indirect grasping tasks showed particular benefits for movement efficiency.

Keywords:
Action-perceptionAmputeeBody-powered prosthetic hookFunctional performanceGrip force controlKinematicsProprioceptive feedbackProsthetic trainingUpper-limb prosthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Rehabilitation Engineering
  • Prosthetics and Orthotics
  • Motor Learning

Background:

  • Limited understanding of action-perception learning in body-powered prosthesis use.
  • Body-powered prostheses offer restricted proprioceptive feedback via cable-driven systems.
  • Novice users' kinematic changes during basic prosthetic tasks are under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the transfer of training from basic to functional tasks in body-powered prosthesis users.
  • To describe kinematic changes over time in novice users performing basic prosthetic tasks.
  • To evaluate the retention of training effects on functional performance.

Main Methods:

  • Able-bodied participants and controls used a body-powered prosthetic simulator.
  • Training involved 2 weeks of practicing grasping, fixation, or combined tasks with deformable objects.
  • Kinematic variables, grip force, and functional performance (Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure) were assessed pre- and post-training and during retention.
  • Control group only underwent functional performance assessments.

Main Results:

  • All training groups and controls showed improved functional performance (SHAP scores) post-training and after retention.
  • Kinematic analysis revealed decreased movement times and increased hook closing velocities over time.
  • The indirect grasping group demonstrated significantly shorter plateau times compared to other training groups.
  • Grip force control showed minimal improvement throughout the training period.

Conclusions:

  • Action-perception training in basic prosthetic tasks effectively transfers to functional skills and is retained after a period of non-use.
  • Training enhances movement efficiency, with indirect grasping tasks offering specific advantages.
  • Recommendations include initiating body-powered prosthesis training with indirect grasping and incorporating hook-object orientation practice.