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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Subcellular cell geometry on micropillars regulates stem cell differentiation.

Xiangnan Liu1, Ruili Liu1, Bin Cao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.

Biomaterials
|October 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell nuclei shape transitions like a first-order phase transition on micropillars. This nuclear deformation enhances osteogenesis and reduces adipogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Keywords:
Cell nucleusMicropillar arrayNuclear deformationPoly(lactide-co-glycolide)Stem cell differentiation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Material properties influence cell behavior and subcellular structures.
  • Cell nucleus deformation is a key area of interest for understanding cell mechanics.
  • The relationship between cell morphology and stem cell differentiation is well-documented on flat surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence of a first-order phase transition in cell nucleus shape.
  • To explore the influence of subcellular geometry, specifically nuclear shape, on stem cell differentiation.
  • To examine if nuclear deformation affects mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lineage commitment.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) micropillar arrays with varying heights.
  • Culturing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on these micropillar arrays.
  • Analyzing nuclear shape transitions and quantifying stem cell differentiation (osteogenesis and adipogenesis).

Main Results:

  • A first-order phase transition in nuclear shape was observed as a function of micropillar height.
  • Nuclear deformation was maintained after osteogenic and adipogenic induction.
  • Nuclear deformation on micropillars led to enhanced osteogenesis and attenuated adipogenesis in MSCs, differing from flat substrate results.

Conclusions:

  • Cell nucleus geometry can undergo a first-order transition, influenced by substrate topography.
  • Subcellular nuclear geometry provides a novel cue for regulating stem cell lineage commitment.
  • This finding offers new insights into mechanotransduction at the subcellular level for controlling stem cell fate.