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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Catalysis02:50

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

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For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...
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Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

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The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
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Factors Influencing the Rate of Chemical Reactions01:22

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A variety of factors influence the rate of chemical reactions. For a chemical reaction to happen, atoms must collide with enough energy to overcome the repulsion between their electrons. This energy is called activation energy. Factors influencing the rate of reaction either lower the activation energy or increase the likelihood of a successful collision.
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Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
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Dynamic Responsive Systems for Catalytic Function.

Matea Vlatković1, Beatrice S L Collins1, Ben L Feringa1

  • 1Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 4, 9747, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Responsive catalytic systems, inspired by biological enzymes, offer controlled activity and selectivity. This review covers four decades of advances in these dynamic systems, categorized by their triggers and reactions.

Keywords:
homogeneous catalysismolecular switchesphotochemistryphotoswitchable systemsredox chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis and Materials Science
  • Biomimetic and Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Responsive systems are increasingly studied to mimic dynamic biological functions.
  • Catalysis is a key application area for responsive systems, drawing inspiration from enzyme allosteric regulation.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes four decades of research on responsive catalytic systems.
  • Systems are analyzed based on their underlying catalytic mechanisms and responsiveness principles.

Key Points:

  • Responsive catalysts allow precise control over catalytic activity and selectivity.
  • Catalyst systems are classified by the external triggers (e.g., light, pH, temperature) that modulate their function.
  • Diverse catalytic reactions facilitated by these dynamic systems are illustrated.

Conclusions:

  • Responsive catalytic systems represent a significant advancement in catalyst design.
  • Understanding the principles of responsiveness and trigger mechanisms is crucial for developing next-generation catalysts.