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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Cambial stem cells and their niche.

Christoffer Johnsson1, Urs Fischer1

  • 1Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden.

Plant Science : an International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology
|October 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Plant stem cells in the cambial niche, located in the phloem, regulate growth by releasing peptide signals. This discovery enhances understanding of plant organogenesis and inter-meristem communication.

Keywords:
AuxinCambiumNiche cellsPeptide signalingStem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Plants exhibit indefinite organ formation throughout life, driven by cell division in meristems.
  • Coordinated growth requires communication between distinct meristems like cambia and apical meristems.
  • Plant meristematic cells share similarities with animal stem cells, regulated by a niche microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of the cambial niche in plant growth and inter-meristem communication.
  • To investigate the cellular mechanisms coordinating growth between different plant meristems.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the conceptual localization of the cambial niche within the phloem.
  • It examines the signaling mechanisms by which the cambial niche influences cambium activity.

Main Results:

  • The cambial niche has been localized to the phloem in dicots.
  • This niche steers cambium cell division activity through a released peptide signal.
  • The phloem-localized cambial niche may integrate signals from other stem cell populations.

Conclusions:

  • The cambial niche, situated in the phloem, plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth.
  • Understanding this niche and its signaling pathways is key to deciphering inter-meristem communication.
  • This research opens avenues for further investigation into plant stem cell behavior and organogenesis.