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Related Concept Videos

Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

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The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution is governed by the solubility limit, which is the maximum amount of the solid substance, or solute, that can be dissolved in a specific volume of the liquid or solvent. As the solute dissolves, it reaches a point where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature - this is known as the saturation point. However, if further solute is added and it manages to dissolve, the solution becomes supersaturated. Supersaturated...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
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Superhard Rhenium/Tungsten Diboride Solid Solutions.

Andrew T Lech, Christopher L Turner, Jialin Lei

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rhenium diboride (ReB2) remains superhard even with up to 48% tungsten. This discovery expands the potential for superhard ReB2-structured materials in advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Rhenium diboride (ReB2) is a superhard metallic compound with a unique corrugated boron layer structure.
  • Tungsten diboride (WB2) exhibits a hybrid structure and is not superhard, indicating structural sensitivity to superhardness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural stability and mechanical properties of tungsten-rhenium diboride solid solutions.
  • To determine the limit of tungsten substitution in the ReB2 structure while maintaining superhardness.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of tungsten-rhenium diboride solid solutions.
  • Powder X-ray and neutron diffraction for structural analysis.
  • Micro- and nanoindentation hardness testing for mechanical property evaluation.

Main Results:

  • The ReB2-type structure is maintained for tungsten content up to nearly 50 atom %.
  • Lattice parameters increase linearly with tungsten content.
  • All compositions (0-48 atom % W) exhibit superhardness, with the bulk modulus of the 48 atom % solid solution comparable to pure ReB2.

Conclusions:

  • Tungsten-rhenium diboride solid solutions retain superhardness across a wide composition range.
  • The ReB2 structure type is robustly associated with superhard properties.
  • Further research into related solid solutions and ternary compounds is warranted.